The difference between "push" and "pull" marketing in book publishing

Having worked with hundreds of authors I can say there are few who understand the differences between marketing a typical small press book and one published by a New York publishing house.

First, a major New York publisher has the ability of placing huge numbers of books in brick n' mortar stores while smaller presses try to avoid all the hoopla and instead publish books that appeal to a distinct market niche. This is because the book business differs from most because it is an industry that allows retailers to return unsold books for credit. And since small presses use distributors (rather than selling direct as many larger publishers do) a book that is returned is generally replaced by one from another publisher while books sold by the big houses are replenished by books they themselves publish. That in itself is huge when it comes to a publisher's bottom line.

What large publishers do is "push" massive numbers of books into the marketplace with the hope a good number will sell. If they don't they can always replace one book title with another.

Smaller publishers instead try to create demand for a book prior to producing large numbers with the hope customers will become interested and order a copy. Classic "pull" marketing.

For pull marketing to work a book needs to create interest through events (such as signings and speaking engagements) or occupy a distinct market niche that is search friendly.

Both push and pull marketing are viable ways to market books. The important thing for prospective authors for them to determine which will work best in their own situation. For example, if you have written the next great novel, but do not want to be bothered with marketing it, then you will want to hire an agent and pursue a major publishing house. If, however, you like getting up in front of a crowd, have a way to engage the public and realize your book has its own distinct niche, then you might better pursue a small press or self publish because you will be far more successful than if published by a major publishing house.

Bottom line: There are viable opportunities with both the push marketing of a major publisher and the pull marketing of smaller presses or self publishing. Key is knowing the difference between the two types of marketing and not trying to force the wrong kind of marketing into the marketplace.

Biking and selling your book

This may be a stretch, but follow my logic.

Yesterday I biked the White Pine Trail which runs over 90 miles from Cadillac, MI to Comstock Park just north of Grand Rapids. The trail is part of the Rails to Trails Conservancy which is transforming abandoned rails to bike trails. http://www.railstotrails.org It is a tremendous program we should all support.

For myself I have experienced some issues with the systems of trails. Mostly it is because rail lines were built on a flat plain so trains did not have to endure the ups and downs of conventional roads. As a result when riding on these trails you do not experience the normal climbing and descending of the natural terrain. It is almost as if riding a stationary bike with moving scenery.

This experience reminded me of authors marketing their books. There is a common perception among authors (and publishers) that if a book is properly marketed upon release, after an initial high rate of sales it will settle down to an even rate that it will maintain throughout its lifetime.

In my experience, nothing could be further from the truth.

I have found that books have sales cycles that begin with great promise as the first copies are sold. But then, after that initial period of exhilaration, there is a slowdown as a book begins to find its long term market. In my opinion this is the most crucial time in the life of a book and when the author must be most involved, even if a book is published by a traditional publisher.

This is because a book, like any new business start up, starts its sales journey with some initial marketing intended to make the market aware of its existence. But, unless a book is continually marketed, it will soon disappear from the consciousness of the market. This is because every second of every day, someone else is also launching their book (or product). As a result the general public is overwhelmed with new marketing messages which then get in the way of you selling your book (or product). Even in the case of having your book published by a traditional publisher, they will only market your book during its first publishing season before moving on to its next list of books.

It is like the comparison of riding a bike along an abandoned rail as opposed to riding on the open road. Marketing can be compared to dealing with the challenges a bike rider experiences when riding the natural terrain. It is easy to descend a hill but hard to climb back up the other side. Those who have the willpower and strength to learn to climb hills enjoy the ride much more than those who do not. Book marketing (or any other type of marketing) is not like riding on flat ground. One cannot expect good results unless they are willing to do the hard work.

That is what marketing is. It is all about the things you do once your book (or product) is available. Yes, there are initial steps that are taken prior to its launch which need to happen with every new venture. But today it could be argued that good marketing is all about what is done on an ongoing basis.

Does Proctor and Gamble stop marketing its Crest brand toothpaste just because it dominates sales in its category? Absolutely not. I imagine the company spends at least as much now to promote its Crest brand than ever before. That is what good marketing is all about.

If you are an author or publisher are you still marketing your book as much now as you did the day it was released?

Take Away Points:

Selling a book (or any product or service) requires continuous marketing.

Books (and many other products) do not have due date nor do they expire on a particular date.

As I've said before; sadly, authors are usually the first to give up on their own book.

Sales cycles are like roads with rolling hills. Those who push hard when sales tick downward will have the most success.

Learning about learning from Benjamin Franklin

Last week I viewed a remarkable interview of Ralph Nader on C-SPAN's In-Depth program. While I do not agree with much of what Nader says, I respect him for his unwavering commitment to his beliefs.

During the interview Nader talked about Benjamin Franklin, who is one of his heroes. Nader said:

Franklin is the demonstration of the power of self-education. He came from nowhere—was curious, observant—and taught himself. With all the current talk about education, there was never any reference to self education, which, of course, is the only way to learn. Instead we have a bureaucratic process of education when self education should be the progenitor. Anyone who wants to teach their children should learn from the autobiography of Benjamin Franklin who once said "he was born too early and in the wrong century." Franklin was a diplomat, writer, negotiator, merchant, printer, publisher, inventor—all self taught.

While we must continue to embrace all forms of education, it is most important to stress life-long learning and the value of having a curious mind.

The world of publishing is undergoing a revolution with new technologies and devices to provide accessibility to learning we would not have dreamed of just a few short years ago.

At the same time the value of great intellectual content is as important as ever. Now, though, we can imbed huge amounts of content through the use of technology and broadcast it instantly around the globe.

Devices like the iPad allow publishers to insert video, photos, audio clips, links to websites, blogs, you name it within and next to the written word. Unlike one dimensional e-readers such as Kindle and Nook, iPad type devices can provide a much richer experience. Within the next year or two there will be an incredible number of new products with even more capabilities. We are just scratching the surface.

While some my bemoan the transition from printed books to these multichannel electronic devices, we must embrace this new technology and use it to its utmost. After all, what would Benjamin Franklin do?

My bet is that ole Ben would be at the forefront of this new technology.

Amazon Kindle sales stats easily misinterpreted

You may have seen the headline earlier this week: E-Books Top Hardcovers at Amazon in the New York Times.

Sometimes it is important to dig a bit into a story to see what is hype and what is reality. While the information is true and, amazingly, in just a couple years Kindle sales have skyrocketed resulting in huge e-book sales at Amazon and other online merchants. However book sales consist of several formats and are not all hardcovers. In fact hardcovers are around one third of book sales with other sales divided between trade paper and mass market paperback. Also, Amazon has been selling Kindle versions of bestselling hardcovers at around ten dollars compared to the normal average list price of twenty-five dollars for a print copy. Many decisions for purchasing a Kindle download are made at point of sale. In other words, the customer is shown two choices. They can buy the print version or save a substantial amount by downloading a Kindle copy.

So while this is certainly worthwhile news it is not as earth shattering as what Amazon would like us to believe.

Will e-book sales continue to grow? You bet.

Is the printed book going the way of the dial tone? Not at all.

If one drills down into the statistics they will find that some genre sell extremely well as e-books while others are best suited as print copies.

Let's say you want to read the latest novel from John Grisham. You may be tempted to buy the e-book and load it onto your reading device so you can bring it along on an upcoming trip.

For other books you may want to have them in your library as a reference. In those cases you may prefer to have a printed copy.

Bottom line is that e-books are a great option and we, as consumers, like having choices in how we access our media. Rather than e-books being the way all books will someday be acquired, instead we will have multiple ways to access written content. What is important is that we embrace both future, present and past technologies so that the consumer can receive written content in whatever way they wish.

It would be a mistake to embrace one technology and cast off all others.

Will these changes in how written content is accessed make our lives more complicated. Absolutely. Get used to it.

Today we have so many choices in how to broadcast our intellectual content. From starting a blog to publishing conventionally, and everything in between, there has never been a time when we have had so many opportunities to share information.

Truly a great time to be alive!

The price of chasing your dreams

There are over two thousand Olympic athletes gathered from around the world in Vancouver for the 2010 games. Each athlete has a story and most have involved great sacrifice on the part of their families, friends and themselves. One such athlete is twenty-nine-year-old pairs skater Mark Ladwig who, with partner Amanda Evora, placed tenth in this years' Olympics.

Mark Ladwig was born and raised in Moorhead, MN, just across the Missouri River from Fargo, North Dakota. Like many kids in his town, Mark first laced on skates to play hockey but switched to figure skating when he was twelve. While in high school he met future wife Janet and they attended prom together, but just as friends. After graduation they stayed friends as Janet went on to college at North Dakota State and Mark pursued his dream to become a Olympic skater and moved to Bradenton, Florida to begin training at the Ellenton Ice and Sports Complex. They married in 2006 and their son Holden was born this past September.

Since leaving home ten years ago, Mark has worked as a busboy and server in several restaurants, driven the Zamboni at the ice arena and even was a part time disc jokey at a country radio station all the while training full time. A typical day finds him starting his training at 7 a.m. completing just in time to work at the Beach Bistro restaurant from 4 p.m. to midnight. Wife Janet worked as an interior designer until being laid off early in 2009 eventually taking a job at a local Target store. To pay for his training, which runs about twenty-thousand dollars a year, the couple has had to juggle finances and credit cards plus work odd jobs to make ends meet.

Mark and Janet Ladwig are just one example of what it takes to chase a dream.

In publishing, each day I receive several submissions from prospective authors. While some understand what it takes to achieve their dreams it is amazing how many have no idea that the road to publishing success is filled with hard work, sacrifice and even street smarts. Writing a book is just the beginning. Making the book content as good as can be requires a talented support team of editors, designers and proofers. Success in the marketplace is often dependent on the author's willingness to invest in and to work countless hours to get his or her book content in front of the right audience. It is every bit as difficult as the dream millions have of one day becoming an Olympian.

Take away questions:

• What are your dreams?
• Are they realistic?
• How are you pursuing them?
• Do you have the willingness and determination to chase your dreams?

Final thought:

Ray dropped out of school at fifteen. He had many jobs from ambulance driver to salesman. In his early fifties he decided to chase his dream and talked the owners of a California drive-in restaurant to sell him a franchise. Today the restaurant chain Ray Kroc founded, McDonalds, has over 31,000 restaurants serving 47 million customers each day.

Don't give up, it is never too late to chase your dreams.

Breaking the double space habit

As someone who reads a lot of author submissions, one habit I'd like to see broken is that of double spacing after each sentence. For anyone born during the personal computer age this is not an issue but for those who learned to type on a typewriter it is a hard habit to break.

To give a little history, double spacing was common during the time when all typefaces were mono spaced. A typewriter did not distinguish between the line width of a period an N or an M. All were tracked at the same width. Users put in two spaces after each sentence because it looked better. During the same era, when printing text was set by a professional typesetter, the typesetting machines only required one space after periods because the machine set type according to width and double spacing left too much space between sentences.

Enter the personal computer and so called desktop publishing. The software used for both design and in word processing use proportional type. This eliminates the need to double space between sentences.

So if you are in the over 40 age group and still double spacing it is time to adapt to modern technology in order to make your documents more readable and more conducive for the Web, communications materials and manuscripts.

Take away points

• Change is difficult and old habits die hard

• Adapting to new technology is important

• Being up to date is crucial in today's tech driven world

How will the iPad affect book publishing

I don't know about the rest of the world, but this past Wednesday I was following the minute-by-minute reports posted by CNBC covering the announcement of Apple's iPad. As an Apple devotee and a Mac user since the mid 1980s, I have learned that Steve Jobs is a visionary leader whose company produces products that work right out of the box. Every Mac (or for that matter, iPod) I've owned has performed beautifully and held up nicely. As someone in publishing I also know that e-books represent the future of many genres of book publishing.

A couple years ago I was intrigued by the introduction of Amazon's Kindle book reader. I've followed published reports on the sales success it has had and have heard from many friends and colleagues who not only own one but also love it. Some of them thought they would never use it but soon found it to be indispensable. The only drawback for me is that the Kindle is a dedicated single-function device in a world that is increasingly wanting multiple functions in their technology products.

In contrast the iPad is a multi-use device combining a book reader with so much more. The iPad will also have an iBooks store that will operate much as iTunes does for music and videos.

The iPad display is full color with the capabilities of adding publisher content such as author interviews, study questions, videos, etc. This enhanced content will allow users to have an enriched book reading experience. Imagine, too, if audio were combined with the printed content so the user could switch between text and audio depending on what works for them at that moment. So, for example, let's say you are in the middle of a novel and needing to head to work. Imagine getting in your car and being able to listen to it? From a publishing perspective the capabilities are endless.

Bottom line: For book publishing the iPad represents disruptive technology at its finest. Roll over Guttenberg, the iPad is on its way.

Are you keeping up with your new year's resolutions?

Okay, here we are only five days into the new year. By now, according to many studies, most of us have given up on our new year's resolutions. Why is that? Because as people we are habitual and we don't like change. New year's resolutions are all about change. There in is the conundrum.

For myself I have made all the standard resolutions from watching my diet to more exercise to keeping my office straightened. This year I also resolved to be more disciplined in posting my blog. Now here it is the fifth of January and I'm just now getting around to my first post.

I don't know about you but my work life is filled with business writing as part of my daily tasks. Some devices, such as my email inbox, are invasive technologies in that are right there in front of me whenever I log in to my computer. It is next to impossible to avoid checking my email. My phones, both the land line and cell, are also invasive. When my phones ring I answer.

There are other items in my work life are purely elective. If I don't schedule them I may not get around to doing them. My blog, for instance, is purely elective. My world is not going to come apart if I fail to post a new one. Other purely elective tasks include filing paperwork, upgrading my software and checking the toner in my printer.

Between invasive and purely elective are other work tasks which I'll call required tasks. These include doing the work I'm supposed to do in my regular workday. For me these include reviewing submissions from perspective authors, keeping on top of current projects and keeping up with current news so that I can continue providing value to my clients.

Conceptually there are three primary items that make up my work life:

Invasive technologies -- things that interrupt the daily work flow yet are so important they cannot be ignored

Required tasks -- those items I've been hired to do and must complete in order to earn my keep

Purely elective tasks -- those things that can be, and often are, ignored or put aside in the course of my daily work life

Think of your own work life.

What are your required tasks, your purely elective tasks and the invasive technologies that cannot be ignored?

What tricks or tips have you learned through your own experience?

And, as another year begins, what changes are you hoping to make to manage your daily work life?

Lessons from To Kill a Mockingbird

My favorite novel of all time is Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird. I’m not alone in my adoration of her book. In fact a survey in 2008 in Britain ranked it above the Bible by respondents.

In the years since its publication in 1960 To Kill a Mockingbird has sold over 30 million copies, been translated into 40 languages and never has been out of print. Perennially it is on the New York Times top 100 books in terms of sales.

To put it mildly, To Kill a Mockingbird has been a phenomenal success.

From a marketing perspective what lessons can we learn from Harper Lee’s classic?

First, to provide a little context I’ve copied the following from its Wikipedia posting.

“Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with the soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus literary magazines: Huntress at Huntingdon and the humor magazine Rammer Jammer at the University of Alabama. At both colleges, she wrote short stories and other works about racial injustice, a rarely mentioned topic on such campuses at the time.[3] In 1950, Lee moved to New York City, where she worked as a reservation clerk for British Overseas Airways Corporation; there, she began writing a collection of essays and short stories about people in Monroeville. Hoping to be published, Lee presented her writing in 1957 to a literary agent recommended by Capote. An editor at J. B. Lippincott advised her to quit the airline and concentrate on writing. Donations from friends allowed her to write uninterrupted for a year.[4]

Lee spent two and a half years writing To Kill a Mockingbird. A description of the book's creation by the National Endowment for the Arts relates an episode when Lee became so frustrated that she tossed the manuscript out the window into the snow. Her agent made her retrieve it.[5] The book was published on July 11, 1960. It was initially titled Atticus, but Lee renamed it to reflect a story that went beyond a character portrait.[6] The editorial team at Lippincott warned Lee that she would probably sell only several thousand copies.[7] In 1964, Lee recalled her hopes for the book when she said, "I never expected any sort of success with 'Mockingbird.' ... I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected."[8] Instead of a "quick and merciful death", Reader's Digest Condensed Books chose the book for reprinting in part, which gave it a wide readership immediately.[9] Since the original publication, the book has never been out of print.”

Discussion points:

• Note that Harper Lee took two and a half years to write her book proving the importance of dedication both in time and writing excellence manuscript. Marketing rule number one: there is no substitution for talent.

• Ms. Lee used her friendship with a well known friend, in this case Truman Copote, to gain access to a top literary agent. In return, her agent sold her work to a large New York publishing house. It is important to use whatever connections we have to reach our intended audience. Marketing rule number two: use your connections well.

• Her publisher was able to get her book into the hands of Reader’s Digest which, at that time, was the most influential publication in the book publishing world. From there the book went viral. Times have changed, today the blogosphere is the place to get the word out about a promising book. Marketing rule number three: going viral is key to sales success.

It would be presumptuous to think that the works written by most authors measure up to Harper Lee’s classic. But the takeaway points are instructive to everyone whether they are publishing a book or about to have a job interview.

In summary:

• Talent and determination are important
• Connections matter
• Getting the word out is vitally important

Big isn't always better

One of my favorite e-newsletters is Denny Hatch's Business Common Sense. Normally his newsletter is filled with great marketing ideas. However, his newsletter published this past week voiced his frustration with the self publisher he had recently signed with to publish his forthcoming book. He titled his article: Amazon.com: brilliant bookseller, lousy publisher. In his newsletter he shares his personal experience with BookSurge the self publishing unit of Amazon which is in the process of changing its name to CreateSpace. His frustration comes from the way Amazon.com handled the transition from BookSurge to CreateSpace in that his representative at BookSurge did not contact him personally to give him a head's up on the transition. Behind Denny's concern is the fact that the business of self publishing is huge and that the large players in the business (AuthorHouse, Lulu, iUniverse, etc.) are actually big impersonal companies who see authors as a commodity. While there is some merit to what these self publishing companies do many of their promises ring hollow.

In my opinion the reason so many authors are taken advantage of is that they expect their publisher to care as much about their work as they do. In reality most self publishing companies are only interested in selling their services and could care less about the quality of the author's work. Behind all their promises there is one driving force. It is greed, plain and simple. They lure an author with an unrealistic low price offer of some kind and then build a "relationship" over the phone and through email. They know exactly what the unsuspecting author is wanting to hear so they compliment the author on their work, tell the author how much money they are going to make and make the author believe that by publishing with them they will automatically sell their book to a waiting public. It reminds me of the old joke about the unsuspecting tourist buying the Brooklyn Bridge.

So what's an aspiring author to do?

From my experience there are many reasons to self publish a book. However, unfortunately, there are no short cuts to publishing success. A book has to be well written, expertly edited, wonderfully designed, perfectly printed and shamelessly promoted. To do this an author needs to partner with someone who can help them along the way to make good decisions based on facts not fiction.

Publishing a book is not rocket science. That said, publishing well is even more complicated in many ways. Using a formulaic program from a big self publishing corporation does not often end with good results. There is a reason for the "self" in self publishing. As a self published author you are the CEO of your own publishing venture. This means hiring the best for each aspect of the operation. You are not going to get what you intend by hiring amateurs to do the work of professionals.

Take away points:

• Self publishing can be a good thing if done well
• Never hire an amateur to do the work of a professional
• Don't believe what the salesperson at the self publishing company is telling you
• There are small niche custom publishers who can provide hands on professional help
• Always create a marketing plan before publishing so everyone involved understands your goals